LL-37 instillation leads to local and systemic inflammatory changes and GM-0111 reduces the inflammatory effects of LL-37.

The animals treated with LL-37 show decreased body weight gain (A), increased bladder weight (B), gross anatomical changes in the bladder (C), severity of inflammatory changes in histological observations (D), and the bladder concentration of IL-6 (E), PTX-3 (F), MPO activity (G) and blood level of SAP (H). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 compared to Normal or PBS pre-treatment/LL-37 treated control. Black horizontal bars are mean or median (necropsy and histology scores) values. BDL and the values in the parenthesis represent the number of samples that fell below the detection limit (dotted red line) of the ELISA out of the total samples tested (see Data Analysis in Materials and Methods section for details). Gray area represents the range of values found in normal animals.