Raw material and energy plants for solid biofuels and biogas (KF-705.1)

Based on high adaptability, photosynthetic efficiency, and productivity, various high-yielding energy crop varieties have been developed in Ukraine for solid biofuel and biogas production. Promising species include miscanthus, switchgrass, silphium, sida, sorghum, and others, which can provide 10–21 t/ha of biomass and 70–90 Gcal/ha of energy annually. Perennial crops like sida, sorghum, and silphium show long-term productivity (up to 20–25 years), drought and cold resistance, and ecological benefits, reducing soil erosion and pollution while supplying renewable energy sources. Field trials confirm their high biomass yields (40–50 t/ha) and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional fodder crops, making them valuable for Ukraine’s energy independence and sustainable agriculture.