Data from: Urban plant communities shape plant–bird frugivory interaction networks through reduced connectance and increased modularity

<b>Abstract</b>Rapid urbanization is fundamentally reshaping plant–animal interactions that sustain urban ecosystem services and biodiversity. Plant–bird frugivory interactions represent critical mutualistic relationships that illustrate these impacts. Understanding how network structures vary between landscape and non-landscape plant species provides novel insights for designing resilient urban social–ecological systems. Here, we surveyed nine urban green spaces across Hangzhou over nine months using arboreal infrared cameras to document frugivory interactions of birds with both landscape and non-landscape plants. We recorded 2,149 independent interaction events of frugivory, comprising 176 unique pairwise interactions between 30 plant species and 36 frugivorous bird species. Network analysis showed that frugivory networks involving landscape plants exhibited lower connectance and higher modularity compared with those involving non-landscape plants. Twenty bird species occurred in both network types, linking the entire urban plant–bird network. Meanwhile, these shared species overall exhibited significantly higher betweenness centrality and among-module connectivity in the landscape network than in the non-landscape network, and some of them played markedly different roles between the two network types. Our findings reveal that landscape plants significantly alter network architecture and reconfigure bird functional roles, potentially impacting the stability of frugivorous bird-driven ecosystem services, given the prevalence of landscape plants in cities. More broadly, we highlight that plant selection within urban landscapes is not simply a design choice but a key determinant of ecological connectivity and resilience. Integrating diverse plant communities into urban planning frameworks can strengthen ecological network stability and ultimately support biodiversity conservation in rapidly urbanizing regions worldwide.<b>Keywords: </b>Plant–animal interactions, plant–frugivore network, urban biodiversity, urban green space, urban plants