Very little is known about the specific mechanisms by which viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV) cross the placental barrier to access the fetal compartment. This is in part owing to the lack of appropri
To define conditions promoting inherited infection by Lyme disease spirochetes in Ixodes ticks, we variously infected ticks with Borrelia afzelii and examined their progenies by dark-field microscopy,
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus during pregnancy, resulting in a range of outcomes including severe birth defects and fetal/infant death. Potential pathways of ver
Infection of virus (such as nodavirus and iridovirus) and bacteria (such as Vibrio anguillarum) in farmed grouper has been widely reported and caused large economic losses to Taiwanese fish aquacultur
To study the impact of tick microbiome on vertical transmission of R. raoultii and CRT, the samples of different developmental stages from the first and second generations of laboratory- reared ticks
