The PANGAEA mineralogical database

Future human missions to the surface of the Moon and Mars will involve scientific exploration requiring new support tools to enable rapid and high quality science decision-making. Here, we provide the PANGAEA Mineralogical Database developed by the European Space Agency: a catalog of petrographic and spectroscopic information on all currently known minerals identified on the Moon Mars, and associated with meteorites. It also includes minerals found in the ESA PANGAEA analog sites to broaden the database coverage. The Mineralogical Database is composed primarly of the Summary Catalog of of Planetary Analog Minerals and the Spectral Archive. The Summary Catalog provides essential descriptive information for each mineral, including name (based on IMA recommendation), chemical formula, mineral group, surface abundance on planetary bodies, geological significance in the context of planetary exploration, number of collected VNIR and Raman spectra, likelihood of detection using different spectral methods, and bibliographic references evidencing their detection in extraterrestrial or terrestrial analog environments. The Spectral Archive provides a standard library for planetary in-situ human and robotic exploration covering Visual-Near-Infrared reflective (VNIR) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman). To populate this library, we collected VNIR and Raman spectra for mineral entries in the Summary Catalog from open-access archives, and analyzed them to select the best. We also supplemented this collection with our own bespoke measurements. Additionally, we compiled the chemical compositions for all minerals based on their empirical formula, to allow identification using the measured abundances provided by LIBS and XRF analytical instruments. This version of the PANGAEA Mineralogical Database available here in Mendeley Data is updated to the 8th of June 2020. Any further update can be downloaded directly from the ESA webpage https://atd.eac.esa.int/sites/PANGAEAMinDB where the newest versions will be stored.未来人类开展月球与火星表面科学探测任务时，将需要新型辅助工具以支撑快速且高质量的科学决策制定。本次我们将介绍由欧洲空间局（European Space Agency，ESA）开发的PANGAEA矿物学数据库（PANGAEA Mineralogical Database）：该数据库收录了目前已在月球、火星及相关陨石中发现的所有已知矿物的岩石学与光谱学信息。为拓展数据库覆盖范围，其还纳入了欧洲空间局PANGAEA模拟研究区域中发现的矿物。该矿物学数据库主要由行星模拟矿物总目录（Summary Catalog of Planetary Analog Minerals）与光谱档案库（Spectral Archive）两部分构成。行星模拟矿物总目录为每种矿物提供了核心描述信息，包括矿物名称（依据国际矿物学协会（International Mineralogical Association，IMA）的命名规范）、化学分子式、矿物族、在行星天体表面的丰度、行星探测语境下的地质意义、已收集的可见光-近红外反射光谱（Visual-Near-Infrared reflective，VNIR）与拉曼（Raman）光谱数量、采用不同光谱方法进行探测的可行性，以及证明其在地外或地球模拟环境中被探测到的参考文献资料。光谱档案库则为行星原位载人与机器人探测任务构建了标准光谱库，涵盖可见光-近红外反射光谱与拉曼光谱两类数据。为充实该光谱库，我们从开放获取档案库中获取了行星模拟矿物总目录内所有矿物的可见光-近红外反射光谱与拉曼光谱，并通过分析筛选出最优光谱数据；此外，我们还通过自主定制化测量对该数据集进行了补充。此外，我们基于每种矿物的经验分子式整理了其化学组成，以支持通过激光诱导击穿光谱（Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy，LIBS）与X射线荧光光谱（X-ray Fluorescence，XRF）分析仪器测得的丰度数据进行矿物识别。本次在Mendeley Data平台发布的PANGAEA矿物学数据库版本更新至2020年6月8日。后续所有更新版本均可直接从欧洲空间局官方网页https://atd.eac.esa.int/sites/PANGAEAMinDB下载，该页面将存储数据库的最新版本。