Metabarcoding for Tree Seeds. Metabarcoding with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies Provides Unique Insight into the Mycobiota of Tree Seeds

Culturing of fungi is labor-intensive and reveals limited diversity, while high-throughput sequencing of barcodes (i.e., metabarcoding) enables simultaneous detection of fungi from multiple environmental samples. In this study, we assessed fungi in seeds of eleven angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species using traditional culturing, Illumina short-read (two primer pairs) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read metabarcoding.