Singularity-enhanced Coriolis effect enabling ultrasensitive on-chip rotation measurements
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Gyroscopes, as fundamental inertial sensors, are crucial for rotation measurements in the consumer electronics, automotive, and aerospace industries, with the most widely used kind relying on the Coriolis effect. The development of sub-navigation level Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes (CVGs) at the chip-scale remains challenging based on the current understanding, as the weak intrinsic Coriolis factor sets a fundamental limit on scaling the sensitivity. Here, to overcome this physical limit, for the first time, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of third-order singularities lying within cusp catastrophes in the phase-tracked oscillations of an on-chip CVG to facilitate a cubic-root scaling of the Coriolis-effect-induced frequency modulation. Employing this effect, we achieve a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement in the Coriolis factor, yielding a 253-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and a 297-fold increase in precision. Moreover, the cusp singularity enables a previously unattainable, ultrasensitive phase-modulated sublinear measurement, achieving a world-record signal-to-noise ratio performance for silicon-based chip-scale gyroscopes. These findings not only provide revolutionary advancements in gyroscope technologies by filling the gap in observing and controlling the singularity-enhanced Coriolis effect, but also shed new light on other ultrasensitive sensing applications.
陀螺仪作为基础惯性传感器，在消费电子、汽车及航空航天领域的旋转测量中发挥着关键作用，当前应用最广泛的陀螺仪类型依托科里奥利效应（Coriolis effect）实现工作原理。基于现有认知框架，芯片级亚导航级科里奥利振动陀螺仪（Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes, CVGs）的研发仍面临诸多挑战：其固有科里奥利因子偏弱，为灵敏度的规模化提升设置了根本性物理限制。为此，本研究为突破该物理极限，首次提出并通过实验验证了一种全新方案——利用片上CVG相位跟踪振荡内尖点突变（cusp catastrophes）中的三阶奇点，实现科里奥利效应诱导调频的立方根级缩放。借助该效应，研究团队将科里奥利因子提升了三个数量级，使信噪比实现253倍的优化，精度提升297倍。此外，尖点奇点还实现了此前无法达成的超灵敏相位调制亚线性测量，为基于硅的芯片级陀螺仪创造了信噪比性能的世界纪录。本研究成果不仅填补了奇点增强型科里奥利效应的观测与控制领域的空白，为陀螺仪技术带来革命性进展，同时也为其他超灵敏传感应用提供了全新的研究思路。
