CTLH E3 ligase ubiquitinates PKM-1

CTLH E3 ligase complex transfers multiple ubiquitin (Ub) units onto PKM-1 (PKM2), inhibiting pyruvate kinase activity. Which E2 enzyme and which ubiquitin linkage type are involved in these ubiquitination events remain an open question (Maitland et al., 2021). The CTLH complex consists of the proteins ARMC8, GID4, Muskelin, GID8, RANBP9, WDR26, and the catalytic subunits RMND5A or RMND5B and MAEA (Lampert et al., 2018; Maitland et al., 2019).

CTLH E3连接酶复合体将多个泛素（Ub）单元转移到PKM-1（PKM2）上，从而抑制丙酮酸激酶活性。参与这些泛素化事件的E2酶和泛素连接类型仍是一个未解之谜（Maitland等，2021年）。CTLH复合体由蛋白质ARMC8、GID4、Muskelin、GID8、RANBP9、WDR26以及催化亚基RMND5A或RMND5B和MAEA组成（Lampert等，2018年；Maitland等，2019年）。