Partitioning of the diversity in dispersal along the phylogeny of European butterflies: permutation tests (N = 1000 permutations).

aReplicates of a dispersal measurement for a given species are treated as if they were from virtual sister-taxa descending from an artificial terminal node in enlarged trees (see methods). Metrics are as in Table 1.bTest S3 from Pavoine et al. [13]. Sc is the proportion of dispersal diversity attributed to within-species variability.cP: P-values corrected for multiple comparisons.dThe diversity is significantly skewed towards nodes that were the most distant from tips in the original phylogeny (with 369 butterfly species considered).