Incidence of CSF-culture-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis for the three study periods in adults aged ≥18 years.

Incidence risk ratios and percentage of change in incidence of disease between the early- and established-HAART eras, assuming that the prevalence of HIV infection in untested cases is the same as in the tested cases. 1Chi-square test or Fischer-test. IRR: incidence risk ratios established- vs. early-HAART era. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. HAART: highly active anti-retroviral treatment.