PROspective's long-term field experiment

The long-term experiment PROspective site is located at the Colmar Experimental Centre of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), in Colmar (Haut-Rhin, France; 48◦03’33’’ N, 7◦19’42’’ E, altitude 200 m). It is positioned on a silt–silt clayey calcisol soil. The upper horizon includes a plough layer (i.e., topsoil), which is carbonated. The climate is semicontinental, with a mean annual precipitation of 559 mm received mostly between May and October and an average annual air temperature of 11.3 ◦C. It is cropped with a rotation of maize, winter wheat, sugar beet and barley. Each organic waste product application are made before maize or sugar beat every 2 years most often in February, at doses equivalent to 170 kg N ha−1 (Michaud et al. 2021, Chen et al. 2022). // The figure in attached file presents the experimental plan of the PROspective long-term field experiment. The 2-ha field experiment is divided into 2 sub-devices “With_N” and “Without_N” including 24 plots of 10 m × 9 m in 4 blocks of replicates and a fifth block devoted to the following of the nitrogen dynamic with bare plots or control plots without mineral fertilization. The following organic waste products are randomly distributed within each block: Sewage sludge (SLU), Co-compost of sewage sludge with green waste and wood chips (GWS), Co-compost of the home-sorted fermentable fraction of municipal solid waste and green waste, also called biowaste compost (BIOW), Farmyard manure from a dairy farm (FYM), Compost of farmyard manure (CFYM), No organic amendment (control, or CN). // From 2000 to 2019, two phases were carried out in the PROspective long-term experiment as presented in the attached table, with the treatments randomly distributed in the 2 sub-devices, as follows: In the sub-device “with_N” in 2000–2019 on all plots of the blocks 1 to 4, additional mineral N fertilization was applied at doses between 0 and 170 kg N ha−1. In the sub-device “without_N”, in 2000-2014 on all plots no additional mineral N fertilization was applied; in 2015-2019 additional biowaste digestate (DIG) was applied at doses between 0 and 170 kg N ha−1.长期试验PROspective站点位于法国国家农业、食品与环境研究院（INRAE）科尔马试验中心，地处法国科尔马（上莱茵省；北纬48°03’33’’，东经7°19’42’’，海拔200米）。该站点的土壤为粉砂-粉质黏化钙积土（silt–silt clayey calcisol），上层为碳酸盐化耕作层（即表土层）。试验区域属于半大陆性气候，年平均降水量559毫米，降水主要集中在5月至10月，年平均气温11.3℃。种植制度采用玉米、冬小麦、糖用甜菜与大麦轮作。有机废弃物还田作业每2年开展一次，多在2月进行，施用时机为玉米或糖用甜菜种植前，施用量相当于170 kg N ha−1（Michaud等，2021；Chen等，2022）。 附件中的图表展示了PROspective长期田间试验的试验设计。该2公顷的田间试验分为“施氮（With_N）”与“不施氮（Without_N）”两个子试验，包含4个重复区组，共24个面积为10 m × 9 m的试验小区，另设第五个区组，用于监测裸地或无矿质施肥的对照小区的氮素动态。每个区组内随机布设以下有机废弃物处理：污泥（SLU）、污泥与绿废及木片的联合堆肥（GWS）、家庭分类的城市生活垃圾可发酵组分与绿废联合堆肥（即生物废弃物堆肥，BIOW）、奶牛场农家肥（FYM）、农家肥堆肥（CFYM），以及无有机改良剂的对照（CN）。 2000年至2019年间，PROspective长期试验分为两个阶段，详情见附件表格，处理组在两个子试验中随机分配，具体如下：在“施氮”子试验中，2000-2019年期间，1-4区组的所有小区均施加额外矿质氮肥，施用量范围为0至170 kg N ha−1。在“不施氮”子试验中，2000-2014年期间所有小区均不施加额外矿质氮肥；2015-2019年期间，施加额外生物废弃物沼渣（DIG），施用量范围为0至170 kg N ha−1。