Mean standard errors (SEs) for SHIP-TREND, KORA F4 and GHS after different covariate adjustments for the random phenotype and body mass index (BMI).

50 PCs: the first 50 principal components (PCs) of the principle component analysis (PCA) over the gene expression levels; BMI: body mass index in [kg/m2]; cell types: percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils; detected genes: number of detected genes (detection p-valueEigen-R2 value>0.3% in SHIP-TREND; PC1: the first PC of the PCA; random phenotype: the random phenotype ∼N (0,1); technical: RNA amplification batch, RNA integrity number (RIN), storage time.A dash indicates that the parameter was not available in the cohort.