Aim of the included multivariable prediction studies, subdivided by clinical domains.

Numbers are column percentages, with absolute numbers in parentheses.aIncluding studies from infectious diseases (n = 7), diabetes (n = 5), neonatology and child health (n = 6), mental disorders (e.g., dementia) (n = 4), and musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., lower back pain) (n = 4).bThere were no external validation studies of a previously published model that also updated the model after poor validation.