Dataset from Gut Microbial Community Structure, Metabolic Signature, and Resistome in Dyslipidemia: Insights from Metagenomic Sequencing

Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in lipid metabolism, although findings across studies have varied. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiota, metabolic pathways, predicted gut metabolites, and resistome in 1384 participants (895 with dyslipidemia cases and 489 controls) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Our results revealed that Bacteroides caccae was enriched in dyslipidemia cases, potentially contributing to inflammation and altered lipid metabolism, while Coprococcus eutactus and Coprococcus catus, known producers of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in lipid regulation, and Blautia obeum, known to be positively impacted by SCFAs, were more abundant in controls. We also identified an enrichment of the dTDP-beta-D-fucofuranose biosynthesis pathway gene family, which is linked to bacterial pathogenicity, in dyslipidemia cases, with Bacteroides stercoris contributing strongly. Dyslipidemia cases exhibited depleted glycogen and peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathways, potentially impairing energy storage and immune function, alongside distinct metabolic profiles, including decreased pseudouridine involved with RNA metabolism. Furthermore, we observed a higher abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes, particularly tetQ, in dyslipidemia cases, suggesting a link between gut resistome and metabolic disorders. These findings provide new insights into how dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, offering potential avenues for microbiome-based interventions in personalized medicine.