Characteristics of 12 randomized controlled trials included in analysis.

The studies by Reshef (2005), Cerda (2006), Hollis (2010), Dohadwala (2010), Dohadwala (2011), and Basu (2011) used fruit juice with polyphenols as main nutrients, and the studies by Summer (2005), Bannni (2006), Basu (2010a), Basu (2010b), Gonzalez-Ortiz (2011), and Morand (2011) used fruit juice with multi-nutrients (polyphenols, vitamins, and sugar et al.); a usual diet was similar to a conventional diet. NR, not reported.