291 Table Grape Varieties SSR Molecular Fingerprint Dataset

China occupies an important position in the global grape industry, with cultivation area and yield ranking among the top in the world. As a key branch of the fruit tree industry, the grape industry plays a pillar role in increasing farmers' income and rural revitalization. The introduction and independent cultivation of foreign varieties have greatly enriched China's grape variety reserves and laid the foundation for industrial development. However, the increase in variety has also brought about homogenization and identification difficulties, and traditional morphological feature identification methods are no longer suitable for current needs. This study extracted DNA from 291 fresh grape germplasm resources, and used 30 pairs of fluorescent labeled SSR molecular markers for PCR and fluorescence capillary electrophoresis detection to construct a variety molecular fingerprint map. The molecular fingerprint database constructed in this study contains a total of 8730 pieces of information. Further analysis shows that the average number of genotypes for the 30 selected primer loci is 10.7, with a heterozygosity range of 0.21 to 0.62 and an average heterozygosity of 0.38. Based on the number of genotypes at 30 primer loci, 216 varieties were speculated to be diploid, while 75 were polyploid. It was found that the similarity between diploid varieties was generally low, while the similarity between polyploid varieties was relatively high. The results of this study not only provide accurate basis for grape variety identification, but also provide data support for the analysis of genetic relationships of germplasm resources, which is of great significance for theoretical research and practical applications.