Management-by-objectives in Scandinavian local authorities - political rhetoric or effective governance? 2000

The purpose of this project was to study the extent and distribution of management-by-objectives in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, as well as characteristics of municipal management-by-objectives in practice. The project was part of the Municipality Program under Culture and Society at the Norwegian Research Council. The project shows great variation in Scandinavian municipalities in terms of understanding of the objectives, implementation and design of systems for management-by-objectives and municipal practice.