Table_4_Initial Validation of the Mindful Presence Scale: The Issue of the Construal Level of Scale Items.XLSX

Our research has two main aims. It undertakes the validation of a six-item trait mindfulness scale called Mindful Presence Scale (MPS), which measures central aspects of mindfulness. For the first time in mindfulness literature, the construal level of scale items is also examined. Four questionnaire-based online studies were conducted. Study 1 drew three samples (nn = 391, np = 215, and nb = 235) from the students at the University of Debrecen. It examined the factor structure, reliability, and internal consistency of the three differently worded scale versions. The positively worded scale version (MPSp) yielded a stable two-factor structure and demonstrated the best psychometric properties. Study 2 performed a confirmatory factor analysis on a sample drawn from public employees across the country (ncfa = 420). The two-factor solution in Study 1 was confirmed. χ2 tests were not significant, and fit indices were excellent. There was no significant difference between the high-level construal subscale (Fhlc) and the low-level construal subscale (Fllc) in terms of factorial stability. Participant of Study 3 were students who did not take part in Study 1. The sample (ninv = 250) was tested for measurement invariance across gender. The scaled results supported strong/threshold invariance. Study 4 tested concurrent validity with 10 concurrent instruments. A sample of secondary school teachers (ncon = 128) was tested by examining Spearman's rank order correlations. There was a significant difference in how the Fhlc and Fllc subscales predicted scores of some of the concurrent instruments. Further research is warranted into how the construal level of mindfulness scale items affects the recollection of the mindful experience. Overall, MPSp proved to be a valid short mindfulness measure.

本研究旨在实现两大目标。首先，本研究对名为“ mindful presence scale (MPS) ”的六项特质 mindfulness 量表进行了验证，该量表旨在衡量 mindfulness 的核心方面。在 mindfulness 文献中，本研究首次对量表项目的 construal level 进行了考察。共开展了四项基于问卷的在线研究。研究一从德布勒森大学的在校生中抽取了三个样本（nn = 391, np = 215, 和 nb = 235），以检验三个不同措辞的量表版本的因子结构、信度和内部一致性。正措辞的量表版本（MPSp）呈现稳定的双因子结构，并显示出最佳的心理学特性。研究二对来自全国范围内的公务员样本（ncfa = 420）进行了验证性因素分析。研究一中的双因子解决方案得到了证实。χ2 检验不显著，拟合指数优异。在因子稳定性方面，高级 construal 子量表（Fhlc）与低级 construal 子量表（Fllc）之间没有显著差异。研究三的参与者为未参与研究一的学生。样本（ninv = 250）被测试以考察性别间的测量不变性。尺度结果支持了强/阈值不变性。研究四通过考察 Spearman 秩相关系数，测试了与 10 项并发工具的并发效度。128 名中学教师的样本被测试，以检验 Fhlc 和 Fllc 子量表如何预测某些并发工具的分数。有必要进行进一步研究，以探讨 mindfulness 量表项目的 construal level 如何影响 mindful 经验的回忆。总体而言，MPSp 被证明是一个有效的 short mindfulness 量表。