Chitosan-functionalized bentonite nanostructure as a promising compound to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin B1: an in vitro and in vivo study

This study aimed to evaluate the detoxification potential of chitosan-functionalized bentonite nanostructures (BT-CTS) against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a hepatotoxic mycotoxin, using both in vitro and in vivo models. The experimental design included synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation. BT-CTS was synthesized through co-sedimentation and characterized using SEM, FTIR, BET, and dynamic light scattering. In vitro cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antioxidant status were assessed in HepG2 cells. In vivo, rats were administered AFB1 (12.5 µg/kg/day) with or without BT-CTS (5 g/kg). Oxidative stress markers, serum biochemistry, liver histology, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. BT-CTS exhibited a mean particle size of 98 nm and demonstrated a robust porous structure. The IC50 for BT-CTS on HepG2 cells was 5.10 mg/mL. BT-CTS reduced AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and ROS levels in vitro. In vivo, BT-CTS mitigated oxidative stress (lower protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation), improved TAC, and preserved liver function and histological integrity. BT-CTS effectively counteracts AFB1-induced toxicity, demonstrating strong potential as a detoxifying agent. However, further studies are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy across various biological systems.