Ancient dog mitogenomes support the dual dispersal of dogs and agriculture into South America

Archaeological and palaeogenomic data show that dogs were the only domestic animals introduced during the early peopling of the Americas. Hunter-gatherer groups spread quickly toward the south of the continent, but it is unclear when dogs reached Central and South America. To address this issue, we generated and analysed 70 complete mitochondrial genomes from archaeological and modern dogs ranging from Central Mexico to Central Chile and Argentina, revealing the dynamics of dog populations. Our results demonstrate that that pre-contact Central and South American dogs are all assigned to a specific clade that diverged after dogs entered North America. Specifically, the divergence time between North, Central, and South American dog clades is consistent with the spread of agriculture and the adoption of maize in South America between 7,000 and 5,000 years ago. An isolation-by-distance best characterizes how dogs expanded into South America. We identify the arrival of new lineages of dogs i..., , , # Ancient dog mitogenomes demonstrate the combined dispersal of dogs and agriculture into South America

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d28](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ffbg79d28)

This dataset contains the raw data (mitochondrial genome alignments) associated with the paper.

## Description of the data and file structure

mtDNA_70indiv.fasta contains the 70 mitochondrial genomes that were aligned. Sample names and contexts are reported in the metadata.csv associated file.

metadata includes the following fields:

* Sample ID = Sample unique identifier connected to the curation catalog
* Lab code = Unique identifier created for the laboratory procedure (DNA extraction)
* Processing laboratory = Name of the laboratory in which the samples were processed (MNHN  = Paris, France; PalaeoBARN = Oxford, UK)
* Country/Region = Geographical origin of the sample
* Archaeological site = Name of the archaeological site that yielded the samples
* Lat. = Latitude of the archaeological site, d...,