COAST-RP: A global COastal dAtaset of Storm Tide Return Periods

Storm surges that occur along low-lying, densely populated coastlines can leave devastating societal, economical, and ecological impacts. To protect coastal communities from flooding, return periods of storm tides, defined as the combination of the surge and tide, must be accurately evaluated. Here we present storm tide return periods using a novel integration of two modelling techniques. For surges induced by extratropical cyclones, we use a 38-year time series based on the ERA5 climate reanalysis. For surges induced by tropical cyclones, we use synthetic tropical cyclones from the STORM dataset representing 10,000 years under current climate conditions. Tropical and extratropical cyclone surge levels are probabilistically combined with tidal levels, and return periods are computed empirically. The COAST-RP dataset contains storm tide levels representing the 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000-year return period.

发生在地势低洼、人口稠密沿海区域的风暴潮（storm surge），会造成极具破坏性的社会、经济与生态影响。为保护沿海社区免受洪涝灾害，需精准评估风暴潮位的重现期——风暴潮位即风暴增水与潮汐的叠加组合。本研究基于两种建模技术的创新性融合，提出风暴潮位重现期的计算方案：针对温带气旋（extratropical cyclone）引发的风暴增水，采用基于ERA5气候再分析（ERA5 climate reanalysis）资料构建的38年时间序列数据；针对热带气旋（tropical cyclone）引发的风暴增水，采用STORM数据集生成的合成热带气旋数据，该数据集可表征当前气候背景下1万年的气候情景。研究将热带与温带气旋引发的风暴增水与潮汐位进行概率耦合，并通过经验方法计算风暴潮位重现期。本研究构建的COAST-RP数据集，包含重现期分别为1年、2年、5年、10年、25年、50年、100年、250年、500年及1000年的风暴潮位数据。