Integrated single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic landscape of mouse folliculogenesis

Using mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing, we characterized the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of single mouse oocytes and their associated granulosa cells (GCs) across four follicular stages. Integrated multiomic analysis revealed stage-specific dynamic changes in protein and RNA expression, underscoring the critical role of post-transcriptional regulation in oocyte development and follicular growth. The analysis highlighted significant metabolic remodeling and organelle reorganization during oocyte maturation, driven by proteomic dynamics. Additionally, distinct transcription factor networks were identified in oocytes and GCs, alongside novel intercellular communication pathways that regulate the sequential progression of folliculogenesis.