This paper presents a novel estimation approach for cumulative link models, based on median bias reduction. The median bias reduced estimator is obtained as solution of an estimating equation based on
We examine a largely unexplored source of downward bias in peer effect estimation, namely, exclusion bias. We derive formulas for the magnitude of the bias in tests of random peer assignment, and for
Many decisions rely on how we evaluate potential outcomes and estimate their corresponding probabilities of occurrence. Outcome evaluation is subjective because it requires consulting internal prefere
