Interplay between abiotic conditions and mycorrhizal abundance determines differentiation and potential adaptation in a Mediterranean orchid

This study explored how climate, soil, and helpful fungi shape differences among populations of the Mediterranean orchid Orchis italica. Using genetic data from 21 populations, researchers found strong regional differences. Genetic changes linked to adaptation were associated with temperature, rainfall, soil texture, and the abundance of orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Together, environmental conditions and fungi drive population differentiation and potential adaptation.