杜鹃花新品种选育及关键技术创新与应用

杜鹃是我国十大传统名花之一，也是世界名贵的园艺植物。中国是杜鹃种质资源的主 要分布中心，现有杜鹃约 542 种，占世界杜鹃种类的 54.2%。本项目组针对我国杜鹃育种水平较低、国内自主选育品种少，珍稀种苗繁育困难，生产栽培标准水平不高，杜鹃园林 应用形式单一等问题，组织产学研攻关团队，开展品种选育及高效生产关键技术集成研发 与应用推广，培育具有我国自主知识产权的新品种 10 个，其中通过江苏省新品种鉴定 9 个，获国家新品权 2 个，获新产品奖 9 项 申请国家发明专利 8 项，其中授权 3 项 制定 地方标准 7 项 发表学术论文 43 篇。 1.收集和引进杜鹃种质资源 412 份，建立的杜鹃种质资源保存圃入选首批国家花卉 种质资源库，构建了基于形态和生理指标的观赏性和抗逆性评价体系，创建了基于 ISSR 和 SRAP 分子标记的杜鹃种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析技术体系，阐明了羊踯躅花 色形成的生理机制，建立了检测杜鹃基因表达量的技术分析体系，为杜鹃的推广应用和新 品种选育提供了丰富的种质储备和理论依据。 2.创新了杜鹃育种技术，创制新种质，创育出具有自主知识产权的新品种。探明了 杜鹃杂交后代的遗传变异特点 发明了杜鹃珍稀种质羊踯躅叶片再生植株、提高杜鹃芽分 化率和株型紧凑度的方法 采用常规育种和现代育种技术相结合的方法，筛选出一批杜鹃 优异种质，培育杜鹃优良品系 41 个，育成具有自主知识产权的杜鹃新品种 10 个，提高了 杜鹃新品种研发的能力和水平。 3.研发了杜鹃种苗工厂化快繁（组织培养、扦插、嫁接）、目标花期促控和环保栽培 基质等生产关键技术，发明了促进杜鹃种子萌发的方法，结合水肥管理等其他配套栽培技 术，集成创新构建杜鹃高效生产技术体系，实现杜鹃规模化生产，促进杜鹃生产技术水平 的提高。 4.研发了杜鹃产品造型技术，发明了降低杜鹃枝条硬度、杜鹃悬崖造型的方法，培 育出园林杜鹃、造型杜鹃，丰富了花卉市场供应的杜鹃产品。 2014-2016 年，项目“杜鹃花新品种选育及关键技术创新与应用”的研究成果分别通过江 苏、浙江、福建、湖南等地多家企事业单位进行推广应用，累计发展生产杜鹃花种苗、苗 木、盆花 1.224 万亩，新增产值 2.337 亿元，经济效益和社会效益显著，有力地推动了我 国杜鹃花产业的可持续发展。

Rhododendron is one of the top ten traditional ornamental flowers in China and a world-renowned horticultural plant. China serves as the main distribution center of Rhododendron germplasm resources, with approximately 542 Rhododendron species existing in China, accounting for 54.2% of the global total.
In response to the challenges including low breeding level, limited number of independently bred domestic cultivars, difficulties in propagating rare seedlings, low standards of production and cultivation, and single application forms in Rhododendron garden landscaping in China, our project team organized an industry-university-research collaborative R&D team to carry out integrated R&D and promotion of key technologies for cultivar breeding and efficient production. We cultivated 10 new Rhododendron cultivars with independent intellectual property rights (IPR) in China, among which 9 were certified for new cultivar identification by Jiangsu Province, 2 were granted national plant variety rights, 9 won new product awards, 8 national invention patents were applied for (3 authorized), 7 local standards were formulated, and 43 academic papers were published.
1. Collection and introduction of 412 Rhododendron germplasm resources. The established Rhododendron germplasm resource nursery was selected into the first batch of national flower germplasm resource banks. We constructed an evaluation system for ornamental traits and stress resistance based on morphological and physiological indicators, established a technical system for analyzing genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Rhododendron germplasm resources using ISSR and SRAP molecular markers, clarified the physiological mechanism underlying flower color formation in *Rhododendron molle*, and developed a technical analysis system for detecting Rhododendron gene expression levels. These efforts provide abundant germplasm reserves and theoretical foundations for the popularization, application and new cultivar breeding of Rhododendron.
2. Innovated Rhododendron breeding technologies and created new germplasms and elite cultivars with independent IPR. We clarified the genetic variation patterns of Rhododendron hybrid progeny, invented methods for regenerating plantlets from leaves of the rare Rhododendron germplasm *Rhododendron molle*, and improving bud differentiation rate and plant compactness of Rhododendron. By combining conventional breeding and modern breeding technologies, we screened a panel of excellent Rhododendron germplasms, developed 41 elite Rhododendron lines, and bred 10 new Rhododendron cultivars with independent IPR, which enhanced the R&D capability and level of new Rhododendron cultivars.
3. Developed key production technologies including industrialized rapid propagation of Rhododendron seedlings (tissue culture, cutting, grafting), target flowering phase regulation, and environment-friendly cultivation substrates. We invented a method for promoting Rhododendron seed germination, and integrated with other supporting cultivation technologies such as water and fertilizer management, constructed an efficient Rhododendron production technology system, realizing large-scale Rhododendron production and promoting the improvement of Rhododendron production technology levels.
4. Developed Rhododendron product modeling technologies, invented methods for reducing branch hardness of Rhododendron and creating cliff-style Rhododendron models, and cultivated garden Rhododendron and modeled Rhododendron products, enriching the supply of Rhododendron products in the flower market.
From 2014 to 2016, the research results of the project titled "Breeding of New Rhododendron Cultivars and Key Technology Innovation and Application" were promoted and applied by multiple enterprises and institutions in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and other regions. A total of 12,240 mu of Rhododendron seedlings, saplings and potted flowers were produced, with an added output value of 233.7 million yuan. The project achieved significant economic and social benefits, and strongly promoted the sustainable development of China's Rhododendron industry.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于杜鹃花新品种的选育及关键技术创新，涵盖了种质资源收集、育种技术研发、生产关键技术集成和产品造型技术开发等多个方面。通过产学研合作，项目成功培育了10个具有自主知识产权的新品种，并实现了显著的经济效益和社会效益，推动了杜鹃花产业的可持续发展。