ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION PERFORMANCE USING STABILITY, ROAD ADHESION, ENERGY ABSORPTION AND COMFORT INDICATORS

This paper presents an IMRAD-based analytical evaluation of automotive suspension system performance using four comparative indicators: stability coefficient, road adhesion coefficient, energy absorption capacity and ride comfort score. The study focuses on three suspension layouts: independent suspension, semi-independent suspension and rigid axle suspension. The analysis is based on a structured technical assessment of suspension elements, dynamic response to road irregularities, energy absorption through elastic and damping components, and the influence of suspension layout on vehicle safety and comfort. The results show that the independent suspension has the highest overall performance, with a stability coefficient of 0.85, road adhesion coefficient of 0.90, energy absorption of 75% and comfort score of 9 out of 10. The semi-independent suspension provides an intermediate solution, while the rigid axle suspension demonstrates lower comfort and dynamic adaptability but remains useful where simplicity, strength and load capacity are required. The article expands the initial material into a complete academic format and provides practical recommendations for design selection and service optimization.