Data of pharmaceutical standardization and basic as well as advanced characterization of selective Ayurvedic Marine Drugs- Mother pearl, Cowry, Coral and Pearl

Ayurvedic Marine Drugs (AMD) are used on a large scale and are manufactured by the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical industries. These are prepared from marine resources and need to be formulated meticulously to obtain desired finished product qualities for optimum clinical effects. The manufacturing steps include- raw material purification in dilute lemon juice or buttermilk, grinding in a mixer grinder, trituration with Aloe barbadensis pulp or rose water, and incineration in a pit using cow-dung cakes as fuel. The details of the methods can be found in the related material. Datasets generated during the pharmaceutical standardization and characterization of such selective AMD viz., mother pearl, cowry/ cowrie, coral, and pearls are published here. The zip folder contains the following data- 1. Spectral Data of raw coral and raw pearl Both, coral and pearl being from the gems category (Ratna Varga) were sent for identification using Raman Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis. The raw spectral data for two samples, each, is provided here. 2. Temperature records during the incineration process of Ayurvedic Marine Drugs (AMD) The traditional method of incineration applies cow-dung cakes as fuel and is used in a fixed ratio to attain the desired temperature required for the physicochemical transformation. The weight of cowdung cakes and temperatures recorded due to the heat generated are enumerated here as ready reference. 3. Pharmaceutical standardization and characterization data of AMD- Tables The tables displayed herein show standardization and characterization data derived during manufacturing of triplicate batches of each AMD. Table 1 Basic testing of fresh lemon juice, diluted lemon juice, and cow’s buttermilk used for purification of Ayurvedic Marine Drugs (AMD) Table 2 Physicochemical analysis of fresh Aloe barbadensis leaf and its pulp used for the incineration of mother pearl, cowry, and coral Table 3 Details of the purification process of AMD Table 4 Weight (Kg) changes during the process of incineration of AMD Table 5 Details of the pharmaceutical yield of AMD Table 6 Classical end-point characters checked for all AMD as finished product after each incineration cycle Table 7 Readings of basic physicochemical analysis of all AMD as finished products Table 8 Elemental phases detected in raw pearl samples using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence analysis Table 9a Particle size analysis of incinerated mother pearl and cowry using Dynamic Light Scattering technique Table 9b Particle size analysis of incinerated coral and pearl using Dynamic Light Scattering technique Table 9c Actual percentage change in particle size due to sonication and stirring in all AMD Table 10 Fourier Transform Infra-red analysis of incinerated AMD 4. Characterization data of AMD- Figures Morphology and aragnite/ calcite forms of calcium carbonate by Scanning Electron Microscopy, thermal behaviour by Thermogravimetric analysis and identification of carbonate by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis are illustrated for each AMD, in raw and triplicate batches manufcatured after incineration. Fig. 1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of raw and incinerated mother pearl (Shukti) showing aragonite to calcite change in morphology before and after the incineration process, respectively; at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw mother pearl. (e-h) Incinerated mother pearl- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated mother pearl- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated mother pearl- Batch 3. Fig. 2 SEM of raw and incinerated cowry (Kapardik) showing aragonite to calcite change in morphology before and after the incineration process, respectively; at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw cowry. (e-h) Incinerated cowry- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated cowry- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated cowry- Batch 3. Fig. 3 SEM of raw and incinerated coral (Praval) showing no change in calcite phase before and after the incineration process at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw coral. (e-h) Incinerated coral- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated coral- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated coral- Batch 3. Fig. 4. SEM of raw and incinerated pearl (Mouktik) showing aragonite to calcite change in morphology before and after the incineration process, respectively; at several magnifications (Scale = 300 to 20 µm). (a-d) Raw pearl. (e-h) Incinerated pearl- Batch 1. (i-l) Incinerated pearl- Batch 2. (m-p) Incinerated pearl- Batch 3. Fig. 5 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of raw and incinerated mother pearl (Shukti) showing two-step degradation of ~4 %w/w between 250-625 °C and 41.2 %w/w between 625-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 43 %w/w between 625-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw mother pearl. (c-d) Three batches of incinerated mother pearl, respectively. Fig. 6 TGA of raw and incinerated cowry (Kapardik) showing two-step degradation of ~2 %w/w between 200-600 °C and 42.3 %w/w between 625-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 43 %w/w between 625-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw cowry. (c-d) Three batches of incinerated cowry, respectively. Fig. 7 TGA of raw and incinerated coral (Praval) showing two-step degradation of ~5 %w/w between 135-630 °C and 41 %w/w between 630-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 39.5 %w/w between 630-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw coral. (c-d) Three batches of incinerated coral, respectively. Fig. 8 TGA of raw and incinerated pearl (Mouktik) showing two-step degradation of ~5 %w/w between 275-620 °C and 41 %w/w between 620-750 °C, respectively; in raw form while only one-step degradation of 43 %w/w between 625-750 °C in incinerated form. (a) Raw pearl (Mouktik). (c-d) Three batches of incinerated pearl, respectively. Fig. 9 Fourier Transform- Infrared (FT-IR) analysis of all three batches of incinerated mother pearl (Shukti Bhasma) showing characteristic bands approximately at 1388, 869, and 712 cm-1 similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO3-2 vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. Fig. 10 FT-IR analysis of all three batches of incinerated cowry (Kapardik Bhasma) showing characteristic bands approximately at 1390, 869, and 712 cm-1 similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO3-2 vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. Fig. 11 FT-IR analysis of all three batches of incinerated coral (Praval Bhasma) showing characteristic bands approximately at 1390, 870, and 712 cm-1 similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO3-2 vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3. Fig. 12 FT-IR analysis of all three batches of incinerated pearl (Mouktik Bhasma) showing characteristic peaks approximately at 1389, 870, and 712 cm-1 similar to symmetric and asymmetric CO3-2 vibrations along with other weak bands. (a) Batch 1. (b) Batch 2. (c) Batch 3.阿育吠陀海洋药物（Ayurvedic Marine Drugs, AMD）被大规模应用，由阿育吠陀制药企业生产。这类药物以海洋资源为原料制备，需经过精细配伍，以获得理想的成品质量，实现最优临床疗效。其生产工序包括：以稀柠檬汁或酪乳纯化原料、用搅拌研磨机粉碎、与库拉索芦荟（Aloe barbadensis）果肉或玫瑰水进行研和，以及以牛粪饼为燃料在坑内进行煅烧。相关方法细节可查阅配套资料。 本数据集收录了针对四种精选AMD——珍珠母贝、宝贝螺、珊瑚及珍珠——进行制药标准化与表征过程中产生的数据。 该压缩包包含以下数据： 1. 原珊瑚与原珍珠的光谱数据 珊瑚与珍珠均属于宝石类（Ratna Varga），已通过拉曼光谱法（Raman Spectroscopy）与能量色散X射线分析（Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis）完成鉴定。本次提供了各两个样本的原始光谱数据。 2. 阿育吠陀海洋药物（AMD）煅烧过程中的温度记录 传统煅烧工艺以牛粪饼为燃料，按固定比例投放以获得物料理化转化所需的目标温度。本数据集收录了牛粪饼重量与产热对应的温度数据，以供参考。 3. AMD的制药标准化与表征数据表 本文所列表格展示了每种AMD的三批批量生产过程中得到的标准化与表征数据： 表1 用于纯化AMD的鲜柠檬汁、稀释柠檬汁及牛乳酪乳的基础检测 表2 用于煅烧珍珠母贝、宝贝螺与珊瑚的鲜库拉索芦荟叶及其果肉的理化分析 表3 AMD纯化工艺细节 表4 AMD煅烧过程中的重量（千克）变化 表5 AMD的制药得率详情 表6 每轮煅烧循环后，所有AMD成品的经典终点性状检测结果 表7 所有AMD成品的基础理化分析数据 表8 采用能量色散X射线荧光分析检测到的原珍珠样本中的元素物相 表9a 采用动态光散射技术（Dynamic Light Scattering technique）检测煅烧后珍珠母贝与宝贝螺的粒径分析 表9b 采用动态光散射技术检测煅烧后珊瑚与珍珠的粒径分析 表9c 所有AMD经超声与搅拌处理后的粒径实际百分比变化 表10 煅烧后AMD的傅里叶变换红外（Fourier Transform Infra-red）分析数据 4. AMD的表征数据——附图 本部分通过扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM）展示每种AMD的形貌与碳酸钙文石/方解石晶型、通过热重分析（Thermogravimetric analysis, TGA）展示其热行为、通过傅里叶变换红外分析鉴定其碳酸盐组分，涵盖原药材及煅烧后生产的三批批量样品。 图1 原珍珠母贝（Shukti）与煅烧后珍珠母贝的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像：分别展示煅烧前后形貌从文石向方解石的转变，包含多个放大倍率（标尺范围：300至20 μm）。(a-d) 原珍珠母贝；(e-h) 煅烧后珍珠母贝——批次1；(i-l) 煅烧后珍珠母贝——批次2；(m-p) 煅烧后珍珠母贝——批次3。 图2 原宝贝螺（Kapardik）与煅烧后宝贝螺的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像：分别展示煅烧前后形貌从文石向方解石的转变，包含多个放大倍率（标尺范围：300至20 μm）。(a-d) 原宝贝螺；(e-h) 煅烧后宝贝螺——批次1；(i-l) 煅烧后宝贝螺——批次2；(m-p) 煅烧后宝贝螺——批次3。 图3 原珊瑚（Praval）与煅烧后珊瑚的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像：在多个放大倍率下展示煅烧前后方解石晶型无变化（标尺范围：300至20 μm）。(a-d) 原珊瑚；(e-h) 煅烧后珊瑚——批次1；(i-l) 煅烧后珊瑚——批次2；(m-p) 煅烧后珊瑚——批次3。 图4 原珍珠（Mouktik）与煅烧后珍珠的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像：分别展示煅烧前后形貌从文石向方解石的转变，包含多个放大倍率（标尺范围：300至20 μm）。(a-d) 原珍珠；(e-h) 煅烧后珍珠——批次1；(i-l) 煅烧后珍珠——批次2；(m-p) 煅烧后珍珠——批次3。 图5 原珍珠母贝与煅烧后珍珠母贝的热重分析（TGA）图谱：原药材在250~625 ℃间出现约4%w/w的两步降解，在625~750 ℃间出现约41.2%w/w的降解；煅后样品仅在625~750 ℃间出现一步降解，降解率为43%w/w。(a) 原珍珠母贝；(c-d) 分别为三批煅后珍珠母贝。 图6 原宝贝螺与煅烧后宝贝螺的热重分析（TGA）图谱：原药材在200~600 ℃间出现约2%w/w的两步降解，在625~750 ℃间出现约42.3%w/w的降解；煅后样品仅在625~750 ℃间出现一步降解，降解率为43%w/w。(a) 原宝贝螺；(c-d) 分别为三批煅后宝贝螺。 图7 原珊瑚与煅烧后珊瑚的热重分析（TGA）图谱：原药材在135~630 ℃间出现约5%w/w的两步降解，在630~750 ℃间出现约41%w/w的降解；煅后样品仅在630~750 ℃间出现一步降解，降解率为39.5%w/w。(a) 原珊瑚；(c-d) 分别为三批煅后珊瑚。 图8 原珍珠与煅烧后珍珠的热重分析（TGA）图谱：原药材在275~620 ℃间出现约5%w/w的两步降解，在620~750 ℃间出现约41%w/w的降解；煅后样品仅在625~750 ℃间出现一步降解，降解率为43%w/w。(a) 原珍珠（Mouktik）；(c-d) 分别为三批煅后珍珠。 图9 三批煅后珍珠母贝（Shukti Bhasma）的傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）分析图谱：显示特征吸收峰约位于1388、869及712 cm⁻¹处，与CO₃²⁻的对称与反对称振动峰特征一致，同时存在其他弱吸收峰。(a) 批次1；(b) 批次2；(c) 批次3。 图10 三批煅后宝贝螺（Kapardik Bhasma）的傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）分析图谱：显示特征吸收峰约位于1390、869及712 cm⁻¹处，与CO₃²⁻的对称与反对称振动峰特征一致，同时存在其他弱吸收峰。(a) 批次1；(b) 批次2；(c) 批次3。 图11 三批煅后珊瑚（Praval Bhasma）的傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）分析图谱：显示特征吸收峰约位于1390、870及712 cm⁻¹处，与CO₃²⁻的对称与反对称振动峰特征一致，同时存在其他弱吸收峰。(a) 批次1；(b) 批次2；(c) 批次3。 图12 三批煅后珍珠（Mouktik Bhasma）的傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）分析图谱：显示特征吸收峰约位于1389、870及712 cm⁻¹处，与CO₃²⁻的对称与反对称振动峰特征一致，同时存在其他弱吸收峰。(a) 批次1；(b) 批次2；(c) 批次3。