Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA)

The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA): GENOA is one of four research networks that form the NHLBI Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP). From its inception in 1995, GENOA's long-term objective was to elucidate the genetics of hypertension and its arteriosclerotic target-organ damage, including both atherosclerotic (macrovascular) and arteriolosclerotic (microvascular) complications involving the heart, brain, kidneys, and peripheral arteries. Two GENOA cohorts were originally ascertained (1995-2000) through sibships in which at least 2 siblings had essential hypertension diagnosed prior to age 60 years. All siblings in the sibship were invited to participate, both normotensive and hypertensive. These include non-Hispanic White Americans from Rochester, MN (n =1583 at the 1st exam) and African Americans from Jackson, MS (N=1854 at the 1st exam). During the second exam (2000-2005), approximately 80% of participants were re-recruited. The GENOA data consists of biological samples (DNA, serum, urine) as well as demographic, anthropometric, environmental, clinical, biochemical, physiological, and genetic data for understanding the genetic predictors of diseases of the heart, brain, kidney, and peripheral arteries. Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP): GENOA's parent program, the FBPP, is an unprecedented collaboration to identify genes influencing blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension, and its target-organ damage. This program has conducted over 21,000 physical examinations, assembled a shared database of several hundred BP and hypertension-related phenotypic measurements, completed genome-wide linkage analyses for BP, hypertension, and hypertension associated risk factors and complications, and published over 130 manuscripts on program findings. The FBPP emerged from what was initially funded as four independent networks of investigators (HyperGEN, GenNet, SAPPHIRe and GENOA) competing to identify genetic determinants of hypertension in multiple ethnic groups. Realizing the greater likelihood of success through collaboration, the investigators began working together during the first funding cycle (1995-2000) and formalized this arrangement in the second cycle (2000-2005), creating a single confederation with program-wide and network-specific goals.]]>
GENOA Study DocumentationA total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for coronary artery calcification (CAC), adjusted for age and sex (N=1043). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for systolic blood pressure, adjusted for age and sex (N=1438). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for diastolic blood pressure, adjusted for age and sex (N=1438). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for pulse pressure, adjusted for age and sex (N=1438). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for body mass index (BMI), adjusted for age and sex (N=1438). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), adjusted for age and sex (N=1437). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for ankle brachial index (ABI), adjusted for age and sex (N=1063). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), adjusted for age and sex (N=909). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for leukoaraiosis, adjusted for "age, sex, and TIV" (N=784). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1194). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for systolic blood pressure, adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1589). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for diastolic blood pressure, adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1589). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for pulse pressure, adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1589). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for body mass index (BMI), adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1589). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1588). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for ankle brachial index (ABI), adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1242). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for relative wall thickness (RWT), adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1238). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for left ventricular mass index (LVMI), adjusted for age, sex, and top 10 PCs (N=1235). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>A total of 1464 non-Hipanic white participants were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 array (N=1345) or the Illumina Human1M-Duo or Human660W-Quad BeadChips (N=119). Imputation was performed using the single-step approach implemented in Markov Chain Haplotyper (MaCH) 1.0.16. Genome-wide association was performed using imputed genotype dosages for nine quantitative traits related to hypertension or arteriosclerotic target-organ damage using linear mixed modeling to account for family structure. Here, genome-wide association results are reported for leukoaraiosis, adjusted for age, sex, TIV, and top 10 PCs (N=683). Please see the GENOA Study Documentation for further details.
]]>Two GENOA cohorts were originally ascertained (1995-2000) through sibships in which at least 2 siblings had essential hypertension diagnosed prior to age 60 years. All siblings in the sibship were invited to participate, both normotensive and hypertensive. These include non-Hispanic White Americans from Rochester, MN (n =1583 at the 1st exam) and African Americans from Jackson, MS (N=1854 at the 1st exam). During the second exam (2000-2005), approximately 80% of participants were re-recruited. Individuals in GENOA belong to sibships identified in which at least two siblings had essential hypertension diagnosed prior to 60 years of age. After identification of the initial pairs of hypertensive siblings, all siblings in the sibship were invited to participate regardless of hypertension status. Hypertension case definition: Essential hypertension diagnosed prior to age 60 years of age, defined as: 1) average of the last 2 out of 3 systolic BP readings ≥ 140mmHg, or 2) an average of the last 2 out of 3 diastolic BP readings ≥ 90 mmHg, or 3) previous diagnosis of hypertension and antihypertensive medication prescribed by a physician to be taken daily during the last month. Exclusion criteria: Pregnancy or breast feeding, Type I diabetes mellitus (juvenile onset, insulin dependent), diagnosis of hypertension ≥ 60 yrs of age, or secondary causes of hypertension including but not limited to prior knowledge of renal parenchymal disease or serum creatinine ≥ 2.5 mg/dL, renal vascular disease, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, coarctation of aorta, hypertension associated with current use of oral contraceptive agents, prescription or non-prescription drugs, or active alcohol abuse.]]>
The publications listed below provide details on the GENOA ancillary studies that collected data on the specific traits included in this dbGaP database, including the ankle brachial index (ABI), kidney function (eGFR), leukoariosis, and coronary artery calcification (CAC).]]>