Allantoin degradation

The allantoin degradation pathway, which converts allantoin to ammonia and carbon dioxide, allows S. cerevisiae to use allantoin as a sole nitrogen source. Conversion of allantoin to ammonia is carried out by the DAL1, DAL2, and DAL3 gene products, which work sequentially to generate urea (CITS: [3915539]). Urea is then degraded to ammonia in a two-step process by the DUR1,2 protein, a multifunctional single enzyme originally thought to be encoded by two tightly-linked genes (hence the name DUR1,2; (CITS: [6105114]). The allantoin catabolic pathway genes are regulated by a general signal that responds to the availability of readily utilizable nitrogen sources, and also by pathway-specific induction by allantoin or the intermediate allophanate. These regulatory effects are mediated by cis-acting DNA elements and the trans-acting factors Gln3p, Gat1p, Dal80p, Dal81p, and Dal82p (CITS: [10488154])(CITS: [12062797])(CITS: [10702289])(CITS: [7899074]). SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html

异丁尿酸降解途径，该途径将异丁尿酸转化为氨和二氧化碳，使酿酒酵母能够将异丁尿酸作为唯一的氮源。异丁尿酸转化为氨的过程由DAL1、DAL2和DAL3基因产物执行，这些产物依次作用以生成尿素（CITS: [3915539]）。随后，尿素通过DUR1,2蛋白在两步反应中降解为氨，DUR1,2蛋白是一种多功能单酶，最初被认为是由两个紧密连锁的基因编码（因此得名DUR1,2；（CITS: [6105114]）。异丁尿酸分解途径的基因受到一种普遍信号的调控，该信号响应易于利用的氮源的可获得性，并且还受到异丁尿酸或中间产物磷酰胺的途径特异性诱导。这些调控效应通过顺式作用DNA元件和反式作用因子Gln3p、Gat1p、Dal80p、Dal81p和Dal82p（CITS: [10488154])(CITS: [12062797])(CITS: [10702289])(CITS: [7899074]）介导。来源：酵母基因组通路，http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html