Evaluation of Community-Based Protection and Solutions Programme in Priority Areas of Return and Re-integration in Afghanistan, Household Survey March 2021 - Afghanistan

Abstract
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Following the influx of refugee-returnees from Pakistan and Iran in 2016, UNHCR has been supporting the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's (GoIRA) Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation (MoRR) through a series of programmes aimed at providing durable solutions for returnees and long-term displaced populations in Afghanistan. 20 locations were identified by UNHCR and GoIRA as Priority Areas of Return and Reintegration (PARR locations). In these locations, large populations of refugee-returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities live together. Within these PARR locations, UNHCR implemented its short and medium-term Community-based Protection and Solutions Programme Response (CO-PROSPER) programmes to promote long-term development initiatives. UNHCR aimed to develop an area-based, humanitarian-development-peace triple nexus response to support durable solutions and create conducive conditions for the sustainable reintegration of displaced persons.

To understand the impact of these programmes on the PARR locations, IMPACT Initiatives (IMPACT) conducted an evaluation of the impact of the programmes in PARR locations across four different dimensions: 1) community leadership inclusivity, 2) strengthening public services and equitable access, 3) income generation and economic empowerment, and 4) peacebuilding, and created indices to measure progress over these four key objectives that can be compared against the programme goals.

In order to conduct this assessment, a mixed-method approach was used with two structured tools with separate methodologies to assess each site as follows.

A HH level tool was used to interview a representative sample of HHs in each of the 20 PARR locations, with a 95% confidence level and a 10% margin of error. While aggregated (to the overall HH level) results are representative by population group (IDPs, refugee-returnees, and host communities) and by location, findings per population group in the locations are indicative only.

Household data collection took place from 20 February to 4 March 2021. A total of 2,039 households in representing a total population of 1,347,207 people (approximately 192,458 households) across 20 PARR locations were interviewed.

Geographic coverage
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Shash Pool and Qashqa, Nilli, Tarakhail Daag, Ghaziabad, Aka Khail Area, Laghmani, Qala-e-Nasro & Bini Warsak, Majboorabad, Charbagh, Daman, Shekh Mesri, Aziz Khan Kas, Noor Abad, Sakhi Camp & Qalin Bafan, Sher Khan Bandar, Loya Wala, Mirwais Mina, Kahdistan, Jebrial

Analysis unit
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Households

Universe
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Identified key informants representing targeted population groups

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The assessment was implemented through a simple random sampling approach as a site-level household representative survey that was statistically representative at site level for each of the 20 PARR locations.

In coordination with UNHCR and its partners, IMPACT developed a set of key indicators through which to conduct a Socioeconomic Vulnerability Assessment (SEVA) of household conditions across four key indices: 1) Community Leadership Inclusivity, 2) Service Quality and Access, 3) Livelihoods and Economic Outlook, and 4) Community Relations and Stability, as well as Key Vulnerability metrics.

These were administered as a household tool by trained enumerators to a random sample of households in each PARR location. Findings are statistically representative with a 95% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each of the 20 assessed PARR locations. at an aggregated level, findings are statistically representative with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error for each population group, as well as the entire sample, at an aggregated level, without disaggregating by site.

Sampling at site level: To sample at site level, enumerators started at the edge of the PARR location, and walked towards the centre, skipping a fixed number of households based on the population between interviews as the went. When they reached the middle of the PARR location, then would then turn around and travel back to their starting point, skipping the same number of households as they went. Population data used for the sampling frames came from UNHCR's Reintegration and Partnerships Unit.

Only respondents above the age of 18, who either were the head o the household or could reasonably speak for them, were interviewed. Enumerators teams included both men and women to ensure that women could be interviewed, ensuring female voices in the data. In total, 25% of respondents were female.

Analysis: Data was weighted and analyzed by site population. For key indices to measure the four indices for reintegration, and the vulnerability metrics, composite indicators to weight responses based on their severity were created and validated by IMPACT's Global office in Geneva and UNHCR in Kabul.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

自2016年巴基斯坦和伊朗难民回归之后，联合国难民署（UNHCR）一直通过一系列旨在为阿富汗伊斯兰共和国政府（GoIRA）难民与遣返部（MoRR）的回归者及长期流离失所人口提供持久解决方案的项目来支持该部门。联合国难民署和GoIRA共同确定了20个重点回归与融入地区（PARR地区）。在这些地区，大量回归难民、国内流离失所者（IDPs）和东道主社区共同居住。在这些PARR地区内，联合国难民署实施了短期和中期的基于社区的保护和解决方案项目（CO-PROSPER），以促进长期发展倡议。联合国难民署旨在构建基于区域的、人道主义-发展-和平三重联系响应，以支持持久解决方案，并为流离失所者的可持续融入创造有利条件。

为了评估这些项目对PARR地区的影响，IMPACT倡议（IMPACT）从四个不同维度对PARR地区项目的效果进行了评估：1）社区领导包容性，2）公共服务强化与公平获取，3）收入生成与经济赋权，以及4）和平建设，并创建了指数来衡量这四个关键目标的进展，这些进展可以与项目目标进行比较。

为了进行此项评估，采用了一种混合方法，使用两种结构化工具，采用不同的方法来评估每个地点，具体如下。

在家庭水平上使用的工具对20个PARR地区的代表性家庭样本进行了访谈，置信水平为95%，误差范围为10%。虽然汇总（至整体家庭水平）的结果在人口群体（IDPs、回归难民和东道主社区）以及地区层面具有代表性，但每个地区内的人口群体发现仅具指示性。

家庭数据收集于2021年2月20日至3月4日进行。共访谈了2,039户家庭，代表1,347,207人的总人口（在20个PARR地区中约为192,458户家庭）。

地理覆盖范围：沙什池和卡什卡、尼利、塔拉哈伊尔达格、加兹亚巴德、阿卡哈利地区、拉格曼尼、卡拉-纳斯罗和比尼瓦萨克、马杰博拉巴德、查尔巴格、达曼、谢赫梅斯里、阿齐兹汗卡斯、诺尔阿巴德、萨基营地和卡拉因巴凡、谢尔汗班达尔、洛亚瓦拉、米尔瓦伊斯米纳、卡希斯坦、贾比尔。

分析单元：家庭

总体：确定代表目标人口群体的关键信息提供者

数据类型：样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序：评估通过一种简单随机抽样方法实施，作为一种在地点层面的家庭代表性调查，对每个20个PARR地区的地点层面具有统计代表性。

在联合国难民署及其合作伙伴的协调下，IMPACT制定了一套关键指标，通过这些指标对家庭条件进行社会经济脆弱性评估（SEVA），这些指标涵盖四个关键指数：1）社区领导包容性，2）服务质量与获取，3）生计与经济前景，以及4）社区关系与稳定性，以及关键脆弱性指标。

这些指标由经过培训的普查员在PARR地区的随机家庭样本中实施。每个评估的20个PARR地区的发现均具有95%的置信水平和10%的误差范围。在汇总层面上，发现具有95%的置信水平和5%的误差范围，适用于每个人口群体，以及整个样本，无需按地点进行细分。

地点层面的抽样：在地点层面进行抽样时，普查员从PARR地区的边缘开始，向中心行走，根据访谈之间的总人口跳过固定数量的家庭。当他们到达PARR地区的中心时，他们会转身返回起点，跳过与前往时相同数量的家庭。用于抽样框架的人口数据来自联合国难民署的回归与伙伴关系单位。

只有年龄在18岁以上、要么是家庭负责人要么能够合理代表他们的人才会被访谈。普查员队伍包括男性和女性，以确保能够采访女性，确保数据中的女性声音。总共有25%的受访者是女性。

分析：数据根据地点人口进行了加权分析。为了衡量融入的四个指数以及脆弱性指标，IMPACT的日内瓦全球办公室和喀布尔的联合国难民署共同创建并验证了基于严重程度的综合指标，以加权响应。

数据收集方式：面对面 [f2f]