2022 Heat Events in California

From the U.S. Census Bureau: Community resilience describes the capacity of individuals and households within a community to absorb a disaster's external stressors. The standard Community Resilience Estimates measures a community's social vulnerability to natural disasters. However, the social vulnerabilities to extreme heat exposure differ from other natural disasters. As a result, the CRE team created a new set of estimates called the Community Resilience Estimates for Heat (CRE for Heat). In collaboration with Arizona State University’s Knowledge Exchange for Resilience (KER), the CRE Team produced the 2022 CRE for Heat using data on individuals and households. The data sources include the 2022 American Community Survey (ACS), the 2021 American Housing Survey, the Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program (PEP), and the 2020 Census. Components of Social Vulnerability for Households (HH) and Individuals (I) SV 1 (HH): Financial hardship defined as: Income-to-Poverty Ratio (IPR) < 130%, or 50% < for housing/rental costs (HH). SV 2 (HH): Single or zero caregiver household - only one or no individuals living in the household who are 18-64. SV 3 (HH): Housing quality described as: Unit-level crowding with > 0.75 persons per room, or Live in mobile home, boat, RV, Van, or other. SV 4 (HH): Communication barrier defined as either: Limited English-speaking households, or No one in the household has a high school diploma. SV 5 (HH): No one in the household is employed full-time, year-round. The flag is not applied if all residents of the household are aged 65 years or older. SV 6 (I): Disability posing constraint to significant life activity, defined as: Persons who report having any one of the six disability types: Hearing difficulty Vision difficulty Cognitive difficulty Ambulatory difficulty Self-care difficulty, and Independent living difficulty. SV 7 (I): No health insurance coverage. SV 8 (I): Being aged 65 years or older. SV 9: Transportation exposure described as: No vehicle access (HH), or Work commuting methods with increased exposure to heat (e.g., public transportation, bicycle, walking) (I). SV 10 (HH): Households without broadband Internet access). SV 11 (HH): Households that potentially lack air conditioning.本数据集源自美国人口普查局：社区韧性（Community Resilience）指社区内个体与家庭应对灾害外部压力的能力。标准社区韧性评估（Community Resilience Estimates, CRE）指标用于衡量社区面对自然灾害的社会脆弱性。然而，极端高温暴露相关的社会脆弱性与其他自然灾害存在显著差异。为此，CRE团队开发了一套全新评估体系，命名为高温适配版社区韧性评估（Community Resilience Estimates for Heat, CRE for Heat）。 本数据集联合亚利桑那州立大学韧性知识交换中心（Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, KER）完成，CRE团队基于个体与家庭相关数据编制了2022版高温适配版社区韧性评估数据集。所用数据源涵盖2022年美国社区调查（American Community Survey, ACS）、2021年美国住房调查（American Housing Survey, AHS）、美国人口普查局人口估计项目（Population Estimates Program, PEP）以及2020年全国人口普查数据。 家庭（Household, HH）与个体（Individual, I）层面的社会脆弱性组成要素如下： 1. SV1（家庭）：经济困境，定义为收入贫困比（Income-to-Poverty Ratio, IPR）低于130%，或住房/租房成本占家庭收入比例超过50%。 2. SV2（家庭）：单人或无照护者家庭——即家庭内仅包含1名或无18至64岁的常住个体。 3. SV3（家庭）：住房质量缺陷，包括单元房间拥挤度超过0.75人/房间，或居住于活动房车、船艇、旅居车、厢式货车或其他非标准住宅。 4. SV4（家庭）：沟通障碍，符合以下任一条件：家庭存在英语使用限制，或家庭内无成员拥有高中及以上学历。 5. SV5（家庭）：家庭无成员从事全职常年工作。若家庭所有常住居民均年满65岁，则不启用该脆弱性标记。 6. SV6（个体）：限制重大生活活动的残疾，指自述存在以下六类残疾之一的人群：听力障碍、视力障碍、认知障碍、行动障碍、自理障碍以及独立生活障碍。 7. SV7（个体）：无健康保险覆盖。 8. SV8（个体）：年满65岁及以上。 9. SV9：交通暴露风险，符合以下任一条件：家庭无私人车辆可用（HH），或个体通勤方式存在较高高温暴露风险（如公共交通、骑行、步行）（I）。 10. SV10（家庭）：未接入宽带互联网的家庭。 11. SV11（家庭）：可能未配备空调的家庭。