Dataset of 10-meter Annual Average Vegetation Index and Fractional Vegetation Cover for the Hubei Section of the Yangtze River Mainstream Basin (2019–2024)

This dataset is based on Sentinel-2 satellite data and utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to generate the annual average vegetation index (NDVI, kNDVI) and corresponding vegetation coverage (FVC_NDVI, FVC_kndvi) products at a resolution of 10 meters in the Yangtze River mainstream basin (Hubei section) from 2019 to 2024. During the processing, the cloud cover is screened and QA60 cloud mask is used to remove clouds and thin clouds before cutting to the watershed range. Calculate NDVI and kNDVI, and generate two vegetation coverage using a pixel binary model. To enhance temporal continuity and spatial integrity, the annual product further undergoes Savitzky Golay filtering, inter annual interpolation, and local spatial interpolation. Comparison and verification with MODIS 250 meter products show that the error is small (MAE, RMSE<0.1), and the R ² exceeds 0.81, indicating reliable data accuracy. The data resolution is 10 meters, the coordinate system is WGS 84 (EPSG: 4326), GeoTIFF format, int16 encoding (value x 10000). The file naming convention is "CJHB_Year_mean_index_10m_sm.tif". This dataset can provide high-precision basic data for vegetation change analysis, agricultural and forestry management, and ecological environment monitoring in the target watershed.