The Impact of Early-Life Rearing Conditions on the Porcine Gut Microbiota and Immune System

This study sought to determine the impact of varied early-life rearing conditions on the porcine gut microbiota, and in turn, physiology and immunology. This consisted of two experimental groups: compromised and optimal. Compromised pigs received broad spectrum antibiotics in their first week of life, were weaned at three weeks of age, and were not given bedding material. Optimal pigs did not receive antibiotics, were weaned at six weeks of age, and were provided with bedding material throughout. Faecal (rectal) samples were taken on day 42 post-farrowing, and on day 90. Ileal content was also collected on day 90. Day 42 faecal, and day 90 ileal and faecal samples underwent PacBio 16S V1-V9 rRNA gene sequencing. This study highlighted the longer-term impacts of early life manipulations on the host's microbiota, as well as revealing physiological and immunological differences between the groups at the experimental endpoint.