A Secure Web-Based Electronic Voting System Using PHP and MySQL: Design, Cryptographic Modelling, and Security Evaluation

Electronic voting (e-voting) technologies are gaining global adoption as countries seek transparent, accessible, and efficient election systems. This publication presents the design, development, and evaluation of a secure e-voting system adapted for Ireland’s PR-STV electoral model. The system integrates cryptographic hashing, CSRF protection, SQL injection mitigation, secure sessions, vote encryption, and HMAC verification. Results show the system is secure, scalable, and adaptable for PR-STV.