Characteristics of the Study Population.

HIV-infected persons who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART), received rifamycin-based anti-tuberculosis therapy while on ART, and did not have tuberculosis at a site of disease that required extended therapy (e g, central nervous system, bone/joint, or pericardium). Parentheses include percentages unless otherwise noted. TB: tuberculosis Baseline CD4+ lymphocyte and HIV-1 RNA measurements were at the time of ART initiation. * The proportions of all persons at each study site with TB (the row percentages)—were as follows: Argentina: 3%; Brazil: 7%; Chile: 4%; Honduras: 9%; Mexico: 4%; Peru: 16% ^ Median (IQR) values before tuberculosis diagnosis: 74 (34-191) # Median (IQR values before tuberculosis diagnosis: 4.4 log10 (2.6-5.2)