Effects of Proactive and Reactive Inhibitory Control on Bilingual Language Control

This study examined how bilingual language control interacts with inhibitory control demands under proactive vs reactive control modes. Twenty-eight Turkish–Macedonian bilinguals completed a combined Stroop–language switching task. Participants identified the ink color of Turkish (L1) or Macedonian (L2) color and neutral words presented in congruent or incongruent ink. The stimulus language either repeated or switched across trials. Control mode was manipulated by varying the proportion of incongruent (proactive) and congruent (reactive) trials.