Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2011 - China

Abstract
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Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage.

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. The sample is nationally representative.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year.

The sample size in China was 4,220 individuals.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f] and Landline telephone

Research instrument
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The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates
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Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

摘要
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健全的金融体系发挥着至关重要的作用，为具有广泛需求的个人提供储蓄、信贷、支付和风险管理产品。然而，迄今为止，关于金融部门的全球影响——包括金融包容程度的广度和贫困人口、妇女和青年等群体被正式金融体系排除的程度——知之甚少。大多数经济体缺乏使用不同金融服务的系统指标。

全球金融包容（Global Findex）数据库提供了此类指标。该数据库包含第一轮全球Findex指标，衡量了140多个经济体中成年人的储蓄、借款、支付和风险管理方式。该数据集可用于追踪全球金融包容政策的影响，并加深对世界各地人们如何管理日常财务的深入和细致的理解。通过能够识别被正式金融部门排除的群体，这些数据有助于政策制定者优先考虑改革并设计新的政策。

地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖范围。

分析单位
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个人

总体
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目标群体是15岁及以上的非机构化平民人口。样本是全国代表性的。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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全球Findex指标来源于盖洛普公司（Gallup, Inc.）在2011年日历年收集的调查数据，覆盖148个经济体的超过15万成年人，代表了世界人口的约97%。自2005年以来，盖洛普每年在全球范围内对成年人进行调查，采用统一的方法和随机选取的国家代表性样本。第二轮全球Findex指标于2014年收集，并于2015年发布。该指标集将在2017年再次收集。

在固定电话普及率低于80%或面对面访谈为惯例的经济体中，调查以面对面方式进行。抽样第一阶段是识别主要抽样单位，即家庭集群。主要抽样单位按人口规模、地理区域或两者结合进行分层，并通过一个或多个抽样阶段实现聚类。如果可获得人口信息，样本选择基于与人口规模成比例的概率；否则，使用简单随机抽样。通过随机路线程序选择样本家庭。除非出现明确的拒绝，否则调查员最多尝试三次对样本家庭进行调查。如果无法在初始样本家庭中获得调查，则使用简单替换方法。通过Kish网格在选定的家庭内部随机选择受访者。

在固定电话普及率超过80%的经济体中，调查以电话方式进行。电话调查使用随机数字拨号或国家代表性电话号码列表进行。在手机普及率较高的选定国家，使用双重抽样框架。通过使用最新的生日或Kish网格方法实现随机受访者选择。至少在一年中的不同日期和时间对每个家庭中的每个人进行至少三次尝试。

中国样本量为4,220人。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f] 和固定电话

研究工具
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问卷由世界银行（World Bank）设计，并与由金融包容领域的杰出学者、实践者和政策制定者组成的技术咨询委员会共同制定。比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会和盖洛普公司也提供了宝贵的意见。问卷在20多个国家使用焦点小组、认知访谈和实地测试进行试点。根据要求，问卷可用142种语言。

仅在发展中国家询问有关保险、移动支付和贷款目的的问题。关于微型金融机构（MFIs）的意识和使用指标不包括在公共数据集中。然而，报告在MFIs储蓄的成年人被视为拥有账户；这一点反映在综合账户指标中。

抽样误差估计
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标准误差（考虑抽样误差）的估计因国家和指标而异。对于国家和指标特定的标准误差，请参阅Demirguc-Kunt, Asli和L. Klapper. 2012. "衡量金融包容：全球Findex"。世界银行政策研究工作论文6025，华盛顿特区附件和国家表格。