Digital 2D and 3D Modeling for Construction Safety Management in Thai Construction Projects

The construction industry is key to Thailand’s economy, growing consistently with both domestic and international trends. Moreover, the Thai construction industry is projected to grow by 3.0 to 4.0 percent annually from 2024 to 2026, in line with overall investment trends. However, statistical data from the Workers’ Compensation Fund show that the construction industry has consistently had the most occupational accidents, causing significant losses in life and property. Specifically, in 2019, the construction sector represented 29% of all occupational fatalities, underscoring major safety challenges. Therefore, the study focuses on the effectiveness of digital 2D and 3D modeling, including Building Information Modeling (BIM), in improving safety protocols and reducing workplace accidents. The study uses a quantitative approach to evaluate how digital 2D and 3D modeling tools impact work method development, risk assessments, safety awareness, and compliance oversight. The results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between the use of digital models and enhanced safety performance indicators, such as reduced accident rates and increased client satisfaction. The most notable improvements were observed in the areas of work method formulation and risk assessment, where digital 2D and 3D modeling provide detailed visualizations that aid in identifying potential hazards and planning safe construction practices建筑业是泰国经济的核心支柱产业，始终紧跟国内外行业趋势稳步发展。据预测，2024至2026年间，泰国建筑业将以每年3.0%至4.0%的增速持续扩张，契合整体投资发展走势。然而，泰国工人赔偿基金（Workers’ Compensation Fund）的统计数据显示，建筑业始终是职业事故高发领域，造成了严重的生命与财产损失。具体而言，2019年建筑业的职业死亡人数占全国职业总死亡人数的29%，凸显了行业面临的重大安全挑战。为此，本研究聚焦于包括建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling, BIM）在内的2D与3D数字化建模技术，探究其在优化安全规程、降低作业场所事故发生率方面的应用成效。研究采用定量研究方法，评估2D与3D数字化建模工具对作业方法开发、风险评估、安全意识提升以及合规监管的影响。研究结果表明，数字化模型的应用与安全绩效指标提升之间存在显著正相关关系，这些指标包括事故率降低与客户满意度提升。其中，作业方法制定与风险评估领域的改善最为显著：2D与3D数字化建模可提供精细化的可视化效果，助力识别潜在危险源，并规划安全的施工作业流程。