a1×106 PBMCs were stimulated with worm ES or cultured in media alone for 72 h. Supernatants from 5 different individuals were pooled and cytokines and growth factors were analyzed by luminex bead tech
Median and IQR are shown for the subjects without history of leishmaniasis (NH), asymptomatic immune responders to Leishmania (NH-AIRL), patients cured of VL (CVL) and patients with active VL (VL). (
Related interleukin-2, -15, and -15-like (IL-2, -15, and -15L) are ancient cytokines, with all three genes surviving in extant fish and some mammals. The present study is the first to identify IL-15L
Culture supernatant was obtained from PBMCs cultured with medium or NOD2 ligand (Muramyl dipeptide, MDP) for 24 hours. The basal production (pg/ml) and relative induction (%) of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-