Roles of Natural Resources, Globalization, and Technological Innovations in Mitigation of Environmental Degradation in BRI Economies

The variable EF is calculated in terms of global hectares per capita, a total of carbon, farmland, built-up land, forest land footprint, fishing grounds, and grazing land. NR is the sum of forest rents, oil rents, coal rents, natural gas rentals, and mineral rents as a proportion of GDP. TE is determined by the number of patent applications. GLO is calculated as the political, social, and economic globalization index sum. The economic growth is computed in terms of constant 2010 US dollars. The GDP and NR data are acquired from the World Development Indicator. The data on EF is extracted from Global Footprint Network, and GLO data is sourced from KOF globalization Index. Lastly, the data on TE is collated from World Intellectual Property Organization.变量EF（生态足迹，Ecological Footprint）以人均全球公顷为计量基准进行核算，涵盖碳足迹、耕地、建设用地、林地足迹、捕捞海域及牧地六大类核算范畴。变量NR为森林租金、石油租金、煤炭租金、天然气租金与矿产租金之和占国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product，GDP）的比重。变量TE以专利申请数量作为衡量指标。变量GLO为政治、社会与经济全球化指数的综合得分。经济增长以2010年不变价美元为核算单位。国内生产总值（GDP）与NR相关数据来源于世界发展指标（World Development Indicators，WDI）；EF相关数据取自全球足迹网络（Global Footprint Network）；GLO相关数据源自KOF全球化指数（KOF Globalization Index）；TE相关数据整理自世界知识产权组织（World Intellectual Property Organization，WIPO）。