Supplementary Material for: The Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins PGRPLA and PGRPLB Regulate Anopheles Immunity to Bacteria and Affect Infection by Plasmodium

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) form a family of immune
regulators that is conserved from insects to mammals. In the malaria
vector mosquito Anophelescoluzzii, the peptidoglycan receptor PGRPLC activates the immune-deficiency (Imd) pathway limiting both the microbiota load and Plasmodium infection. Here, we carried out an RNA interference screen to examine the role of all 7 Anopheles PGRPs in infections with Plasmodium berghei and P. falciparum.
We show that, in addition to PGRPLC, PGRPLA and PGRPS2/PGRPS3 also
participate in antiparasitic defenses, and that PGRPLB promotes mosquito
permissiveness to P. falciparum. We also demonstrate that
following a mosquito blood feeding, which promotes growth of the gut
microbiota, PGRPLA and PGRPLB positively and negatively regulate the
activation of the Imd pathway, respectively. Our data demonstrate that
PGRPs are important regulators of the mosquito epithelial immunity and
vector competence.