Data from "Imputed genomes of historical horses provide insights into modern breeding" Todd et al. (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107104

Historical genomes can provide important insights into recent genomic changes in horses, especially the development of modern breeds. In this study, we characterized 8.7 million genomic variants from a panel of 430 horses from 73 breeds, including newly sequenced genomes from 20 Clydesdales and 10 Shire horses. We used this modern genomic variation to impute the genomes of four historically important horses, consisting of publicly available genomes from 2 Przewalski’s horses, 1 Thoroughbred, and a newly sequenced Clydesdale. Using these historical genomes, we identified modern horses with higher genetic similarity to those in the past and unveiled increased inbreeding in recent times. We genotyped variants associated with appearance and behavior to uncover previously unknown characteristics of these important historical horses. Overall, we provide insights into the history of Thoroughbred and Clydesdale breeds and highlight genomic changes in the endangered Przewalski’s horse following a century of captive breeding.历史基因组（Historical genomes）可为解析马类近期的基因组演化历程，尤其是现代马品种的培育进程提供重要见解。本研究中，我们对来自73个品种的430匹马的870万个基因组变异位点进行了分型表征，其中包含20匹克莱兹代尔马（Clydesdales）与10匹夏尔马（Shire horses）的新测序基因组。我们利用该现代基因组变异数据，对4匹具有重要历史价值的马的基因组进行了基因型填充，这4匹马的基因组涵盖2匹普氏野马（Przewalski’s horses）、1匹纯血马（Thoroughbred）以及1匹新测序的克莱兹代尔马的公开可用基因组。借助这些历史基因组，我们鉴定出与古代马类遗传相似度更高的现代马群，并揭示了近期马类近交程度升高的现象。我们对与外观和行为相关的变异位点进行了基因分型，以此揭示这些重要历史马类此前未被发现的特征。总体而言，本研究为解析纯血马与克莱兹代尔马的品种演化历史提供了新见解，并揭示了濒危普氏野马（Przewalski’s horse）在历经一个世纪的圈养繁育后发生的基因组变化。