Supplementary_Material_3 (Genetic_Fingerprints): The influence of sample quantity and lysis parameters on the success of ancient DNA extraction from skeletal remains

<b>Supplementary
Figure 1: Representative bones used in the present
studies. </b>The extended sampling sites are due to previous studies. The
upper image shows the left femur (GS97) of an individual from the skeletal
series of Goslar from the Early Modern Age (250 BP). The image below shows
the left femur (DO902.01) of an individual from the
burial site Lichtenstein cave from the Bronze Age (3000 BP). Both
individuals were male, which means that both X and an Y chromosomal signals
are expected to be present in the nuclear DNA.
<b>Supplementary
Figure 2: Histological thin sections of the samples</b>. The image on the
left shows the microstructure of the compact bone of GS97; the microstructure
of DO902.01 is presented on the right. Both microstructures appear to be
perfectly intact and do not reveal evidence of extended microbial
colonization. Also, there are no indications of extensive chemical
decomposition. Therefore, a high quality of DNA can be expected.
<b>Supplementary
Table 1: Genetic fingerprints of GS97 and DO902.01.</b>
<b>Supplementary Table
2: </b>Experimental design (4x5) for sample amount and lysis duration. The
green colour shows the parameters used in the pre-test.
<b>Supplementary
Figure 3: Allelic range of the sequences amplified by the heptaplex-kit</b>.
The autosomal STR systems are presented with their respective fragment length
and their arrangement in different colour panels<b>.</b>
<b>Supplementary
Table 3: Primer pairs of Heptaplex PCR for Amelogenin and the autosomal STRs.</b>
<b>Supplementary
Table 4: Reagents used for heptaplex PCR.</b>
<b>Supplementary
Table 5: PCR Cycling Parameters.</b>
<b>Supplementary
Table 6: Primer sequences for the amplification of HVR II.</b>
<b>Supplementary
Table 7: PCR Cycling Parameters.</b>
<b>Supplementary
Table 8: Parameters for the Taq-Cycle-Sequencing.</b>

<b>Supplementary Materials 2: Results of nuclear DNA analysis</b>
<b>Supplementary Table 9: Consensus of the
autosomal STR analysis of the GS97 nuclear DNA</b>
<b>Supplementary Table 10: Consensus
of the autosomal STR analysis of the DO902.01 nuclear DNA.</b>
<b>Supplementary table 11: Number of determined alleles for GS97 and
DO902.01.</b>