Data from: Little to fear: largest lizard predator induces weak defense responses in ungulate prey

Non-consumptive effects can strongly influence apex predator ecological
function. These effects arise because prey produce often induce costly
phenotypic responses to mitigate predation risk. Yet because predator-prey
interactions are complex, prey defences may vary considerably. We
investigated if the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), an reptile apex
predator, induced multi-scale anti-predator responses in key prey, the
Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) and the wild pig (Sus scrofa). To this end,
we examined the temporal and spatial partitioning of habitats by predator
and prey, determined the size of ungulate groups as a function of risk,
and assessed changes in individual behavior of prey individuals exposed to
predator kairomones at feeding stations. Komodo dragon, deer and pig
populations exhibited significant, but subtle differences in three habitat
preferences, that otherwise indicated high niche overlap. Komodo dragon
predation risk, alongside other commonly considered predictor variables
did not affect deer or pig group size. With the exception of one
individual-based vigilance type behavior in pigs, no other anti-predator
behavior, including reduced food consumption, significantly varied in the
presence of predator odour cue at feeding stations. Overall our results
indicated limited evidence for anti-predator behavior and suggest Komodo
dragons exert weak non-consumptive effects of predation in ungulates.
However, weak predatory interactions could be beneficial in island
ecosystems as it could promote predator-prey co-existence that reduces
extinction risk.