English Premier League Penalty Dataset, 2016/17

### Context
Penalty kicks in football are the easiest, and perhaps most elegant way of modelling a game theory situation in a real-world scenario. Given the limited number of options for both kickers and keepers, it makes for wonderful real-life data, which can be used in a professional context. However, official match records do not record the interesting aspects of the play - the direction of the kicker, the direction the keeper moves, where the ball lands, and so on. I watched all the penalties of the 2016/17 season of the EPL (thanks, Youtube!) and tagged the direction each player moves in. I believe this dataset will be extremely valuable to those who wish to experiment at the intersection of sports, game theory and data science.

### Content

The dataset contains information of all 106 penalty kicks taken during the 2016/17 season of the English Premier League, with the following details - teams involved, player who took the kick, his foot, the direction the ball went, and the direction the keeper dove in *[IMPORTANT: Direction is with reference to the kicker!]*, and what time the penalty was awarded. The saved column indicates whether the keeper saved it, or the kicker kicked it beyond the goal post.

There is missing data for 3 kicks - for one, the penalty was nullified due to a double kick, and for the other two, I simply couldn't find any video evidence of them. (If you do find them, please let me know). Also, please let me know if you find any other errors with the data.

### Acknowledgements
This entire project was inspired by the brilliant work of Ignacio Palacios Huerta, whose story is wonderful, and whose papers are an absolute joy to read. My current project is basically emulating what Huerta has done with his (very vast) dataset.

I will be expanding this dataset to previous seasons penalties too, as and when I get time.

在足球比赛中，点球是模拟现实场景中博弈论情境的最简单且可能最优雅的方式。鉴于射门者和守门员可选择的选项有限，这为现实生活中的数据提供了绝佳的案例，可在专业领域得到应用。然而，官方比赛记录并未记录比赛的有趣方面——射门者的方向、守门员移动的方向、球最终落点等。我观看了2016/17赛季英超联赛的所有点球（感谢YouTube！），并标注了每位球员移动的方向。我相信，此数据集将对那些希望在体育、博弈论与数据科学交叉领域进行实验的人们具有极高的价值。

该数据集包含了2016/17赛季英格兰超级联赛中所有106次点球的详细信息——涉及球队、主罚球员、其使用的脚、球的飞行方向、守门员扑救方向（[重要：方向以射门者为准]），以及点球判罚的时间。守门员扑救栏表示守门员是否扑救成功，或射门者是否将球踢出球门。

对于三次射门存在数据缺失——其中一次因双重射门而被取消，另外两次则因无法找到相关视频证据。如果您发现了这些视频，请告知我。另外，如果您发现数据中存在任何其他错误，也请告知。

整个项目灵感来源于Ignacio Palacios Huerta卓越的工作，其故事令人称奇，论文读来亦是一种愉悦。我的当前项目基本上是在模仿Huerta使用其（非常庞大）数据集所进行的工作。我将根据时间允许，逐步扩展此数据集以包含之前赛季的点球数据。