Population genomic evidence that stream networks structure genetic diversity in the narrowly endemic patch-nosed salamander (Urspelerpes brucei)

Described in 2009, the Patch-nosed Salamander (Urspelerpes brucei) is a miniature species of lungless salamander with a geographic range of only ~45 km2. This species is endemic to the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in extreme northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina. The Tugaloo River—a waterway of some 50 m in width that forms the political boundary between the two states—bisects the tiny range of U. brucei and likely acts as a barrier to gene flow. Using RADcap data and a suite of complementary population genomic analyses, we evaluated the role that this river and its tributaries may play in enabling and/or interrupting gene flow among populations of U. brucei, and we investigated patterns of within-population and between-population genetic variation. Our results revealed a general pattern of isolation-by-stream distance and indicated that a population separated by the Tugaloo River is moderately more differentiated than what is explainable by stream distance alon..., ,