Correspondence between impacts of canopy loss on ecosystem structure and functioning 3–6 and 18 months after initiation of the experiment (based on Tables 1–4).

Ecosystem structure is considered in terms of multivariate community structure ( = MV), species richness ( = Rich) and any of the other univariate measures ( = Any). • = significant result, ○ = non-significant result. A ‘•’ in the ‘Functioning’ column indicates a significant result in any of the three measures of functioning. Correspondence between change in functioning and change in an aspect of structure is indicated by the same symbols occurring in respective columns. Shown are all locations for which both data sets are available for both sampling times.