半导体短缺:汽车工业如何摆脱困境

国家科技图书文献中心2026-05-09 收录

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DuringtheearliestdaysoftheCOVID-19crisis,automotiveheadlinesfocusedonthehugedropinvehicledemand.Butformorethanayearnow,concernshaveshiftedtothesupplyside.Althoughvehicleordershavesurgedtounexpectedheights,ashortageofautomotivesemiconductorsisforcingOEMstocloseproductionlinesorremovesomepopularfeatures,suchasheatedseats,fromtheirofferings.MOSTPOPULARINSIGHTSAuthorTalks:HowtobuildadamngoodbusinessHumancapitalatwork:ThevalueofexperienceProbingrealityandmythinthemetaverseFearfactor:OvercominghumanbarrierstoinnovationMasteringthedualmission:CarbonandcostsavingsWefirstexploredtheautomotivechipshortageinaMay2021article,notingthataquickfixwaslikelyimpossible.Thesituationhasworsenedsincethen,andtherecentdropinautomotiverevenuesislargelyoccurringbecauseOEMsandTier1supplierscannotprocuresufficientquantitiesofchipsandmustdelayvehicleproduction.Whilemanufacturersoflaptops,whitegoods,andotherdeviceshavealsocutproductionbecauseofsemiconductorshortages,therepercussionsintheautomotiveindustryhavebeenmoresevere.SomepremiumOEMswereabletosafeguardprofitswithselectivemanufacturingandsalesstrategiesdesignedtooptimizemargins.Thisstrategy,however,mayresultinashortageoflower-marginvehiclesandcouldcauseextremefluctuationsindemandforautomotivechips.Russia’sinvasionofUkrainehasintroducedfurtheruncertaintiestoboththesemiconductorsupplychainandautomotivedemand.Forinstance,Ukrainesupplies25to35percentoftheworld’spurifiedneongas,andRussiasupplies25to30percentofpalladium,araremetalusedforsemiconductors.1Anotherwrinkle:manysemiconductorsaretransportedbyair,buttransportcostshavesignificantlyincreasedwhileavailableshippingvolumehasdropped.Andyetanotherproblem:OEMshavebeenunabletoobtaincriticalvehiclecomponents,suchaswiringharnesses,andhavereducedtheirproductionvolumesinresponse,whichhasaddedevenmoreuncertaintybydecreasingdemandforsomesemiconductor-basedcomponents.Giventheongoinginstabilitiesinthesemiconductorsupplychain,theautomotiveindustryshouldconsiderrefiningitsstrategy.Companiescanstartbyfocusingontheimplicationsofthreecriticalactivitiesthatformthefoundationforstrategicshortagemanagement:thecreationofstrongtechnologymaps,reliableshort-termdemandplanning,andguidanceforlong-termdemandplanning.

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麦肯锡