Monochromatic light effect on mass and phytocompound production of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. in the temporary immersion system

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.), a member of the Plantaginaceae family, is a medicinal herb widely used for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes, particularly for its neuroprotective properties. Despite its wide distribution in Thailand and other tropical regions, natural production is often inconsistent due to environmental variability and potential contamination from heavy metals and toxins. Plant tissue culture offers a viable alternative for propagation; however, conventional methods are labour-intensive and space demanding. The Temporary Immersion System (TIS) has emerged as an efficient approach for large-scale propagation while minimizing physiological disorders associated with prolonged liquid exposure. In addition, light quality is a critical factor influencing plant growth, development, and secondary metabolite accumulation. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the influence of light quality on the growth and development of B. monnieri in TIS.