Differentiated human NPCs were exposed to 5 ng/ml of IL-1β or TNF-α in the absence or presence of 15 µM of Bay 11-7085, NF-kB inhibitor (Bay) or 1 µM of JAK inhibitor (JI) to block STAT-1 activation.

Induction of cytokines and chemokines by IL-1β and TNF-α involves activation of NF-kB and STAT-1 (Mean fold induction).Cells were also exposed to a combination of IL-1β and TNF-α. After 18 h, the neurons were processed for RNA isolation and custom-made Taqman low density array (TLDA). Values represent mean fold induction over untreated control from four independent arrays. Cytokine-mediated induction of inflammatory mediators involved activation of STAT-1 and NF-kB.*Synergistic induction by IL-1β and TNF-α.